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1 Roscoe Pound, The Lawyer from Antiquity to Modern Times , West Publishing
Co.(Minnesota), 1953, p.1.
2 Magali Sarfatti Larson, The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis,
Berkeley: CA: University of California Press, 1977.
3 Lucien Karpik, French Lawyers: A Study in Collective Action 1274 to 1994,
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LedFord, From General Estate to Special Interest: German Lawyers , 1878-1933,
Cambridge University Press,1996; Eugene Huskey, Russian Lawyers and the Soviet
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4 ¼¾ÎÀ¶«£º¡¶·¨ÖÎÖÈÐòµÄ½¨¹¹¡·£¬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1999Äê°æ£¬µÚ198Ò³¡£
5 Roscoe Pound, The Lawyer from Antiquity to Modern Times , West Publishing
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6 Colin Croft, Reconceptualizing American Legal Professionalism: A Proposal
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7 ²Î¼û¡¾ÈÕ¡¿ÅïäþТÐÛ£º¡¶ÏÖ´úÈÕ±¾µÄ·¨ºÍÖÈÐò¡·£¬Ò×ƽÒ룬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç2002Äê°æ£¬µÚ188Ò³ÒÔÏ¡£
8 Amelia J. Uelmen, A View of Legal Profession from a Mid-Twelfth-Century
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9 Ö°ÒµÖ÷ÒåºÍ×ÔÓÉÖ÷Ò崫ͳÓÐ×ŷdz£ÃÜÇеÄÁªÏµ¡£²Î¼ûT. C. Halliday & L. Karpik, Lawyers and the Rise
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10 Roscoe Pound, The Lawyer from Antiquity to Modern Times , West Publishing
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11 ÃÀ¹úҮ³´óѧǰ·¨Ñ§ÔºÔº³¤¿ËÂÞÂü½ÌÊÚÈÏΪ£¬µ±½ñÎ÷·½·¨ÂÉÖ°ÒµÖ÷ÒåµÄÎÊÌâÖ®Ò»ÔÚÓÚ£¬ÈËÃǵÄÖ°Òµ¹ÛÄî·Ö±ðÀ´×ÔÁ½¸öåÄÈ»²»Í¬µÄÀíÂÛ´«Í³¡£Ò»ÊÇÀ´×ÔÑÇÀï˹¶àµÂµÄÕþÖÎÕÜѧ£¬¼´ÈÏΪÕþÖÎÊÇÄÐÈ˵ÄÌìÐÔ£¬Îª³Ç°î·þÎñ¡¢ÂÄÐÐÕþÖÎÔðÈÎÊÇÒ»¸öÍêÕûµÄÈËÀàÉú»îµÄÒªÇó¡£ÕâÖÖÕþÖιÛÉõÖÁ»¹ÈÏΪ£¬»ý¼«ÓªÀûÒ²ÊÇÈËÃÇÂÄÐÐÕþÖÎÔðÈεÄÒ»ÖÖ±íÏÖ¡£ÕâÖÖ¹ÛÄîÒªÇóÈËÃDZØÐëÒªÓÐ×ÔÎÒÎþÉüµÄ¾«Éñ¡£¿ËÂÞÂü³ÆÕâÖÖ´«Í³µÄÕþÖιÛΪ¡°¹²ºÍÖ÷Ò塱¡£¶þÊÇÀ´×ÔÆðÔ´ÓÚ17¡¢18ÊÀ¼Í»ô²¼Ë¹ºÍÂå¿ËµÈÈ˵ÄÉç»áÆõÔ¼ÂÛ£¨Contractarianism£©¡£¿ËÂÞÂüÈÏΪ£¬ÕâÖÖÀíÄîÓë¹²ºÍÖ÷ÒåµÄÇø±ðÔÚÓÚ£¬ËüÈÏΪ¹ú¼ÒÖ®ËùÒÔ´æÔÚ£¬ÊÇÒòΪÈËÃǵÄ×Ô˽£¬ËùÒÔÌᳫºÍÈÏ¿ÉÈËÃǵÄÖðÀûÐÐΪ¡£¿ËÂÞÂüÈÏΪ£¬ÒòΪÑÇÀï˹¶àµÂµÄÕþÖÎÔðÈÎÂÛÖ»ÍƼ°Êܹý½ÌÓýºÍÊÂʵÉÏÏíÓÐÌØȨµÄ¡°ÊÐÃñ¡±£¬ËùÒÔ£¬ËüÔÚÊÂʵÉϳÉÁËÖ°Òµ¹«¹²ÐÔÀíÄîµÄÀ´Ô´Ö®Ò»£»¶øºóÕßÒòΪǿµ÷È˵Ä×Ô˽ÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔ³ÉÁËÖ°ÒµÐÐΪÉÌÒµ»¯µÄÀ´Ô´¡£ÕâÁ½Õ߶¼´æÔÚÓÚÃÀ¹úµ±½ñµÄÖ°ÒµÂ×Àí¹ÛÖ®ÖУ¬²»¹ý£¬ÔÚ½ü°ë¸ö¶àÊÀ¼ÍÒÔÀ´£¬ºóÕßÕ¼¾ÝÁËÖ÷Á÷µÄµØλ¡£Anthony
T. Kronman, The Fault in Legal Ethics, 100 Dick. L. Rev. 489 (1995).
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15 ²Î¼û¡¾Ó¢¡¿²¨À×˹ÌØ£º¡¶Å·ÃÀÔçÆÚµÄÂÉʦ½ç¡·£¬¸µÔÙÃ÷¡¢ÕÅÎıëÒ룬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1992Äê°æ¡£
16 Magali Sarfatti Larson, The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis,
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17 David Luban, Lawyers and Justice: An Ethical Study, Princeton: Princeton
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18 ÔÚÕâÒ»µãÉÏ£¬´ó½·¨ÏµÓëÓ¢ÃÀ·¨ÏµÉÔÓв»Í¬¡£²Î¼û¡¾ÃÀ¡¿°²Ë÷Äá?¿ËÂÞÂü£º¡¶ÃÔʧµÄÂÉʦ¡·£¬ÖÜÕ½³¬¡¢Ê¯ÐÂÖÐÒ룬·¨Âɳö°æÉç2002Äê°æ¡£
19 ÓÐÎ÷·½Ñ§ÕßÈÏΪ£¬ÂÉʦÔÚÉç»áÖеÄÕþÖÎÒâÒ壬ÔÚÓÉרÖÆתÏòÃñÖ÷µÄתÐ͹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÂÉʦËù°çÑݵÄÉç»á½ÇÉ«Ö®ÖØÒªÐÔ£¬ÒªÔ¶ÉõÓÚ·¨ÖΡ¢¡°ÃñÖ÷¡±ÒѾ¶¨ÐÍ»ò³ÉÊìµÄÉç»á¡£²Î¼ûWilliam.
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20 ¹ØÓÚ´Ë·½ÃæµÄÂÛÊö£¬¿ÉÒԲμûËïЦÏÀµÈ£º¡¶·¨ÖΣº·¨ÂÉÈËÖ®ÖΡ·£¬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç2005Äê°æ¡£
21 ÀîѧҢ¡¢·ë½¡Åô£º¡¶ÔÚ·¨¿ÆÉúÓę̈¶À·Ö×ÓÖ®¼ä¡·£¬ÔظßȫϲÖ÷±à£º¡¶´ó¹ú¡·£¬µÚ2¼£¬±±¾©´óѧ³ö°æÉç2005Äê°æ¡£
22 Russell Peace, Lawyers as America¡¯s Governing Class: The Formation and
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23 ¡¾ÃÀ¡¿°²Ë÷Äá?¿ËÂÞÂü£º¡¶ÃÔʧµÄÂÉʦ¡·£¬ÖÜÕ½³¬¡¢Ê¯ÐÂÖÐÒ룬·¨Âɳö°æÉç2002Äê°æ£»Carl T. Bogus, The Death of an
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26 ¡¾ÃÀ¡¿°²Ë÷Äá?¿ËÂÞÂü£º¡¶ÃÔʧµÄÂÉʦ¡·£¬ÖÜÕ½³¬¡¢Ê¯ÐÂÖÐÒ룬·¨Âɳö°æÉç2002Äê°æ¡£
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36 Maureen Cain, The symbol Traders, in Lawyers in a Postmodern World: Translation
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37 ¡¾ÃÀ¡¿²¨Ë¹ÄÉ£º¡¶µÀµÂºÍ·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛµÄÒÉÎÊ¡·£¬ËÕÁ¦Ò룬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç2001Äê°æ£¬µÚ218Ò³¡£
38 Roberto Unger, The Critical Legal Studies Movement, 96 Harvard Law Review
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39 ÕâÖÖ¹ÛµãÔÚÅúÅÐÐÔÀíÂÛÖÐËæ´¦¿É¼û¡£²Î¼ûRichard L. Abel, American Lawyers, New York: Oxford University
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44 Ïê²ÎÀîѧҢ£º¡¶ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öְҵΣ»úµÄʱ´úÂ𣿡·£¬¡¶ÖÐÍⷨѧ¡·2004ÄêµÚ5ÆÚ¡£
45 ÈçÔÚÎÒ¹ų́Í壬ÒÔ³ÂË®±âΪÊ×µÄÃñ½øµ³ÔÚ2000Äê¡¢2004ÄêÑ¡¾ÙÖÐËù²ÉÓõġ°°µÉ±±íÑÝ¡±¡¢¡°É¿¶¯¶Ô´ó½µÄ³ðºÞ¡±µÈÕþÖμ¿Á©£¬¶ÔÉç»áÖÈÐòºÍ¹«¹²ÀûÒ涼ÓкܴóµÄË𺦡£²Î¼ûÀîѧҢ¡¢·ë½¡Åô£º¡¶ÔÚ·¨¿ÆÉúÓę̈¶À·Ö×ÓÖ®¼ä¡·£¬ÔظßȫϲÖ÷±à£º¡¶´ó¹ú¡·£¬µÚ2¼£¬±±¾©´óѧ³ö°æÉç2005Äê°æ¡£
46 Anthony Black, Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from
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47 ÕâÓëÅúÅз¨Ñ§ÄÚ²¿×Ôʼ´æÔÚµÄÁ½´óÅɱ𣺽¨ÉèÐÔÅúÅк͵߸²ÐÔÅúÅеķÖÆçÊÇÒ»ÂöÏà´«µÄ¡£²Î¼ûRoberto Unger, The Critical Legal
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48 ¡¾ÃÀ¡¿°²Ë÷Äá?¿ËÂÞÂü£º¡¶ÃÔʧµÄÂÉʦ¡·£¬ÖÜÕ½³¬¡¢Ê¯ÐÂÖÐÒ룬·¨Âɳö°æÉç2002Äê°æ£¬µÚ258Ò³¡£
49 ÕâÒ»ÅɵÄÖ÷Òª´ú±íÎÄÏ×ÓÐMary Ann Glendon, A Nation Under Lawyers: How the Crisis in
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51 Ïê²ÎÀîѧҢ£º¡¶³¬Ô½·¨ÂÉÖ°ÒµÖ÷Òå¡·£¬Õã½´óѧ2005Ä격ʿѧλÂÛÎÄ£¬µÚ5Õ¡£
52 ²Î¼û¼¾ÎÀ¶«£º¡¶·¨ÖÎÖÈÐòµÄ½¨¹¹¡·£¬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1999Äê°æ£¬µÚ234Ò³ÒÔÏ¡£
53 Mary Seneviratne, The Legal Profession: Regulation and Consumer, Sweet
& Maxwell Press,1999.
54 ²Î¼ûÀîѧҢ£º¡¶ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö¡°Ö°ÒµÎ£»ú¡±µÄʱ´úÂ𣿡·£¬¡¶ÖÐÍⷨѧ¡·2004ÄêµÚ5ÆÚ¡£
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56 Ò²ÓÐѧÕßÈÏΪ£¬ÔÚÖ°ÒµÖ÷ÒåÀíÄîµÄÖ¸ÒýÏ£¬Ç°ËÕÁªµÄÂÉʦҲÄÜά³ÖÏ൱³Ì¶ÈµÄÖ°Òµ×ÔÖÎÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔÆäÖ°Òµ¶¨Î»Ä£Ê½²¢·ÇÊÇ´¿´âµÄ¹ú¼ÒÖ÷Òå¡£²Î¼ûEugene Huskey,
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57 ¼¾ÎÀ¶«£º¡¶·¨ÖÎÖÈÐòµÄ½¨¹¹¡·£¬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1999Äê°æ£¬µÚ248Ò³¡£
58 Anthony Jones ed., Professions and the State: Expertise and Authority in
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62 ¼¾ÎÀ¶«ÏÈÉú³ýÍ⣬Ëû·Ç³£ÇåÎú¡¢Ã÷È·µØÖ¸³öËûµÄÏà¹ØÂÛÊöÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¡°Ö°ÒµÖ÷ÒåµÄ½ø·¡±¡£¼¾ÎÀ¶«£º¡¶·¨ÖÎÖÈÐòµÄ½¨¹¹¡·£¬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1999Äê°æ£¬µÚ197Ò³¡£
63 ²Î¼û¼¾ÎÀ¶«£º¡¶·¨ÂÉÖ°ÒµµÄ¶¨Î»¡ª¡ªÈÕ±¾¸ÄÔìȨÁ¦½á¹¹µÄʵ¼ù¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶ÖйúÉç»á¿Æѧ¡·1994ÄêµÚ2ÆÚ£»ËïЦÏÀ£º¡¶·¨µÄÏÖÏóÓë¹ÛÄî¡·£¬É½¶«ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç2002Äê°æ£»ºØÎÀ·½£º¡¶Ë¾·¨µÄÖƶÈÓëÀíÄî¡·£¬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1999Äê°æ£»ÕÅÖ¾Ãú¡¢ÕÅÖ¾Ô½£º¡¶¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÖйúÂÉʦҵ¡·£¬ÔØËÕÁ¦¡¢ºØÎÀ·½Ö÷±à£º¡¶20ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÖйú£ºÑ§ÊõÓëÉç»á¡·£¨·¨Ñ§¾í£©£¬É½¶«ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç2001Äê°æ£»ÕÅÎÄÏÔ¡¢ÐÅ´ºÓ¥¡¢ËïÇ«Ö÷±à£º¡¶·¨ÂÉÖ°Òµ¹²Í¬ÌåÑо¿¡·£¬·¨Âɳö°æÉç2002Äê°æ£»Ç¿ÊÀ¹¦£º¡¶·¨Âɹ²Í¬ÌåÐûÑÔ¡·£¬¡¶ÖÐÍⷨѧ¡·2001ÄêµÚ3ÆÚ£»µÈµÈ¡£
64 ²Î¼ûлÓÓƽ£º¡¶Éç»áÖÈÐòÓëÂÉʦְҵ¡·£¬·¨Âɳö°æÉç1998Äê°æ£»Ð¤Ê¤Ï²£º¡¶ÂÉʦְҵµÀµÂÓëÖ´Òµ¼ÍÂÉ¡·£¬ÖйúÕþ·¨´óѧ³ö°æÉç1996Äê°æ£»ÑϾüÐË£º¡¶Õþ¸®ÂÉʦÖƶÈÑо¿¡·£¬ÈºÖÚ³ö°æÉç2002Äê°æ£»ÕÂÎäÉú£º¡¶ÖйúÂÉʦÖƶÈÑо¿¡·£¬Öйú·¨ÖƳö°æÉç1999Äê°æ£»³ÂÎÀ¶«Ö÷±à£º¡¶¡°3R¡±ÊÓ½ÇϵÄÂÉʦ·¨Öƽ¨Éè¡·£¬Öйú¼ì²ì³ö°æÉç2004Äê°æ£¬µÈµÈ¡£
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71 ·¨ÂÉÖ°ÒµµÄ¾«Ó¢Ö÷Òå»°Ó°Ñ·¨ÂÉÖ°Òµ½×²ãÀí½âΪÏÖ´úÉç»á½á¹¹Öеľ«Ó¢ÈºÌ壬ǿµ÷·¨ÂÉÖ°Òµ½×²ã¶ÔÏÖ´ú·¨ÖεÄÐγɡ¢ÒÔÖÁÏÖ´úÎÄÃ÷µÄÐ͹¹·¢»Ó×Ų»¿É»òȱµÄÖØÒª×÷Óá£ÕâÖÖ»°ÓïµäÐ͵Ĵú±íÈËÎïÓÐÂí¿Ë˹?Τ²®¡¢ÍпËά¶ûµÈ¡£¿ÉÏê²Î»ÆÎÄÒÕ£º¡¶·¨ÂÉÖ°Òµ»°ÓïµÄ½âÎö¡·£¬¡¶·¨ÂÉ¿Æѧ¡·2005ÄêµÚ4ÆÚ¡£
72 ²Î¼ûÍõÉ꣺¡¶Öйú½ü´úÂÉʦÖƶÈÓëÂÉʦ¡·£¬ÉϺ£Éç»á¿ÆѧԺ³ö°æÉç1994Äê°æ¡£
73 ÈçËÄ´¨Ê¡×ÊÑôÊÐÑã½Çø˾·¨¾ÖÏ·¢¡°ºìÍ·Îļþ¡±£¬½ûֹϽÇøÄÚËùÓÐÂÉʦÊÂÎñËùºÍ·¨ÂÉ·þÎñËù´úÀíãû½ÌØ´óË®ÎÛȾʹÊÊܺ¦ÈºÖÚË÷ÅâËßËÏ¡£¡¶ÈËÃñÈÕ±¨¡·2004Äê10ÔÂ11ÈÕ¡£
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76 T. C. Halliday & L. Karpik., Lawyers and the Rise of Western Political
Liberalism, New York: Oxford University Press,1997.
77 ²Î¼ûÀîѧҢ¡¢·ë½¡Åô£º¡¶ÔÚ·¨¿ÆÉúÓę̈¶À·Ö×ÓÖ®¼ä¡·£¬ÔظßȫϲÖ÷±à£º¡¶´ó¹ú¡·£¬µÚ2¼£¬±±¾©´óѧ³ö°æÉç2005Äê°æ¡£
78 ²Î¼ûLucien Karpik, French Lawyers: A Study in Collective Action 1274 to 1994,
Trans. by Nora Scott, Clarendon: Oxford University Press, 1995; Kenneth F.
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Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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